Durante las décadas de 1940 y 1950 las empresas petroleras extranjeras que operaban en Venezuela editaron publicaciones institucionales como herramientas clave para el manejo de las relaciones públicas y laborales tanto con sus empleados como con la comunidad. Entre otras secciones, éstas prestaron ..

The practice of physical activity (PA) contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular diseases, being also directly related to the individual’s physical fitness. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and monitoring the levels of PA in childhood and adolescence, since it may be useful to describe their current health status and the association with physical fitness, as well as to reveal putative consequences in the future. Within the educational field, it has been shown (...) that physical education (PE) classes are a favorable context for the creation of healthy physical-sports habits and self-determined motivation could be a key for explaining the level of PA practice. For this reason, the purpose of this research was to study the mediating role of integrated regulation (IR) on the relationship between PA and physical fitness in children and adolescents. A total of 325 students between 11 and 14 years old participated in the study. The level of PA was estimated through the specific Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), while motivation and IR were measured by using the Perceived Locus of Causality scale (PLOC-2). In addition, physical fitness was measured through the Eurofit fitness battery of tests, composed of three body composition measures and seven tests of different physical capacities. The physical fitness score showed no differences when genders were compared. After regression analysis, the resulti... (shrink)

In this text, we ask if analogy can enable a dialogue between religion and the social sciences. To do so, we focus in the conflict between the biblical understanding of man as a created being and the notion of human nature as a social construct. Although there seems to be a fundamental dispute in social constructivism between nature and freedom (Ian Hacking), we consider analogical reasoning (Mauricio Beuchot) enables anthropological views, like Philip Hefner’s, that include central aspects of the doctrine (...) of creation and understand nature and freedom as complementary human features, thus allowing the desired dialogue. (shrink)

La España ayer nacionalcatólica vive hoy el «después de» los atentados terroristas del 11-M. Esta forma atroz que tuvieron los integristas islámicos de hacer irrumpir el sacro en la esfera pública y el mismo giro laicista del nuevo Ejecutivo, ponen de manifiesto de modo bien distinto las enormes dimensiones del debate de fondo religioso suscitado en nuestra sociedad. En España, el sacro ha saltado nuevamente a la esfera pública poniendo en tela de juicio las consolidadas relaciones entre política y religión (...) desarrolladas en la Constitución de 1978 y a partir de la firma del Concordato de 1979 entre la Santa Sede y el nuevo Estado democrático. Además, estas circunstancias se suman a dos hechos sólo aparentemente paradójicos: la creciente pluralidad religiosa y los procesos de secularización de la sociedad española. Por este motivo, estamos en condiciones de afirmar que, por debajo de las diversas medidas concretas de los programas políticos, en nuestro país se está desarrollando con una particular virulencia un gran debate de fondo religioso. Por eso consideramos que la “nueva” teología política de J.B. Metz sigue siendo un instrumento válido desde el que salir cristianamente a la palestra del pensamiento y del quehacer público. De este modo, el objetivo del presente estudio no es otro que considerar nuestro país en el interior del discurso teológico como un verdadero locus theologicus. (shrink)

Sumário. Apresentação. PARTE I. 1. O legado filosófico de P. F. Strawson, Itamar Luís Gelain e Jaimir Conte; 2 . Strawson e o caso dos metafísicos descritivos, Itamar Luís Gelain; 3. Metafísica e linguagem comum: sobre uma conturbada herança wittgensteiniana de Strawson, Jônadas Techio; 4. Strawson e Descartes, Albertinho Luiz Gallina; 5. Strawson: sobre Kant e Berkeley, Robert Calabria; 6. O empirismo pós-kantiano de Strawson, Wenceslao J. González; 7. Reabilitando Strawson, Marco Antonio Franciotti; 8. Strawson e o ceticismo em (...) Individuals, Plínio Junqueira Smith; 9. Strawson e a causação visível, João Paulo Monteiro; 10. A verdade dos fatos, Susana Badiola; 11. Estabelecer limites: implicações epistemológicas da lógica, Roberta Corvi; 12. Referência e termos singulares, Carlos E. Caorsi; 13. Strawson: da experiência possível para a ação possível, Márlon Henrique Teixeira; 14. Atitudes reativas e responsabilidade moral, Cristina de Moraes Nunes; 15. Strawson e Hume: uma comparação a propósito de “Moralidade social e ideal individual”, Amán Rosales Rodríguez; PARTE II. 16. Liberdade e ressentimento, P. F. Strawson. Tradução: Jaimir Conte; 17. Moralidade social e ideal individual, P. F. Strawson, Tradução: Jaimir Conte. Seleção bibliográfica. (shrink)

Fundamento: El currículo de estudios, principalmente de posgrado, no puede considerarse como un plan al que hay que ajustarse de manera estricta, sino que debe ser más flexible, que dé salida a los objetivos propuestos según las situaciones del entorno. Objetivo: mostrar algunos resultados de la vinculación del residente de Higiene y Epidemiología a actividades epidemiológicas emergentes en la actualidad. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología de Camagüey durante junio de (...) 2014. Se entrevistó a un universo de 32 profesionales. Las variables utilizadas fueron: utilidad de la vinculación extracurricular a programas y tareas de control epidemiológico, desarrollo práctico de los aspectos teóricos, vencimiento con calidad del diseño curricular de la residencia y si se consideró necesario o no interrumpir el plan de estudios ante eventos epidemiológicos de emergencia. Resultados: La mayoría de los especialistas consideró que la vinculación a actividades específicas le permitió vencer con calidad el plan de estudios, mientras que el mayor porcentaje de los residentes no lo estimó así. Ningún residente entrevistado estuvo de acuerdo con la interrupción del plan de estudios ante situaciones emergentes. Conclusiones: la vinculación del residente a actividades prácticas emergentes puede servir de incentivo para la graduación de un especialista con mayor competencia profesional, sin abandonar el diseño curricular establecido. Fundament: The study curriculum, especially of post grade, cannot be considered as a plan to which one has to be adjusted in a strict way, but to be more flexible, offering a way out to the proposed objectives according to the situations of the environment. Objective: to offer some results of the linking of the medical resident of Hygiene and Epidemiology to emergent epidemiological activities at the present time. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study at the Provincial Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology during June 2014 was carried out. A universe of 32 professionals was interviewed. The variables used were: usefulness of the extracurricular linking to programs and tasks of epidemiological control, practical development of theoretical aspects, quality achievement of the curricular design of the medical residency, and if it was necessary or not to interrupt the study plan in emergent epidemiological events. Results: Most of the specialists considered the linking to emergent epidemiological activities allowed to finish with quality its study plan, while that the biggest percentage of the residents did not estimate it in the same way. None of the interviewed resident agreed with the interruption of the study plan in front of emergent situations. Conclusions: the linking of the medical resident to practical emergent activities can serve as incentive for the graduation of the specialists with better professional competence without abandoning the established curricular design. (shrink)

We follow some wild speculations in trying to understand the uniqueness of our physical world, from the field concept to F-Theory.

The fact that the space of states of a quantum mechanical system is a projective space (as opposed to a linear manifold) has many consequences. We develop some of these here. First, the space is nearly contractible, namely all the finite homotopy groups (except the second) vanish (i.e., it is the Eilenberg-MacLane space K(ℤ, 2)). Moreover, there is strictly speaking no “superposition principle” in quantum mechanics as one cannot “add” rays; instead, there is adecomposition principle by which a given ray (...) has well-defined projections in other rays. When the evolution of a system is cyclic, any representativevector traces out an open curve, defining an element of the holonomy group, which is essentially the (geometrical) Berry phase. Finally, for the massless case of the representations of the Poincaré group (the so-called “Wigner program”), there could be in principle arbitrarily multivalued representations coming from the Lie algebra of the Euclidean plane group. In fact they are at most bivalued (as commonly admitted). (shrink)

Alexandre Kojève: A Man of Influence offers a multifaceted approach to the work of Alexandre Kojève, in which eleven international scholars combine their perspectives on key aspects of the Russo-French thinker's work. The result: an original reappraisal of its significance that prompts a better understanding of the contemporary world.

Explicit and implicit learning have been attributed to different learning processes that create different types of knowledge structures. Consistent with that claim, our study provides evidence that people integrate stimulus events differently when consciously aware versus unaware of the relationship between the events. In a first, acquisition phase participants sorted words into two categories , which were fully predicted by task-irrelevant primes—the labels of two other, semantically unrelated categories . In a second, test phase participants performed a lexical decision task, (...) in which all word stimuli stemmed from the previous prime categories and the primes were the labels of the previous target categories . Reliable priming effects in the second phase demonstrated that bidirectional associations between the respective categories had been formed in the acquisition phase , but these effects were found only in participants that were unaware of the relationship between the categories! We suggest that unconscious, implicit learning of event relationships results in the rather unsophisticated integration of the underlying event representations, whereas explicit learning takes the meaning of the order of the events into account, and thus creates unidirectional associations. (shrink)

We start this Volume 13 with the usual Editorial Note reviewing the main features of Economics and Business Letters. EBL is an online letter-type journal, free both for authors and readers, covering all areas of economics and business and with theoretical and empirical letters.

Jackendoff's Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution attempts to reconnect generative linguistics to the rest of cognitive science. However, by minimally acknowledging decades of work in cognitive linguistics, treating dynamical systems approaches somewhat dismissively, and clinging to certain fundamental dogma while revising others, he clearly risks satisfying no one by almost pleasing everyone.

With the ascent of modern epidemiology in the Twentieth Century came a new standard model of prediction in public health and clinical medicine. In this article, we describe the structure of the model. The standard model uses epidemiological measures-most commonly, risk measures-to predict outcomes (prognosis) and effect sizes (treatment) in a patient population that can then be transformed into probabilities for individual patients. In the first step, a risk measure in a study population is generalized or extrapolated to a target (...) population. In the second step, the risk measure is particularized or transformed to yield probabilistic information relevant to a patient from the target population. Hence, we call the approach the Risk Generalization-Particularization (Risk GP) Model. There are serious problems at both stages, especially with the extent to which the required assumptions will hold and the extent to which we have evidence for the assumptions. Given that there are other models of prediction that use different assumptions, we should not inflexibly commit ourselves to one standard model. Instead, model pluralism should be standard in medical prediction. (shrink)

Adaptive optics are techniques used for processing the spatial resolution of astronomical images taken from large ground-based telescopes. In this work, computational results are presented for a modified curvature sensor, the tomographic pupil image wavefront sensor, which measures the turbulence of the atmosphere, expressed in terms of an expansion over Zernike polynomials. Convolutional neural networks are presented as an alternative to the TPI-WFS reconstruction. This technique is a machine learning model of the family of artificial neural networks, which are widely (...) known for its performance as modeling and prediction technique in complex systems. Results obtained from the reconstruction of the networks are compared with the TPI-WFS reconstruction by estimating errors and optical measurements. The reconstructed wavefronts from both techniques are compared for wavefronts of 153 Zernike modes. For this case, a detailed comparison and grid search to find the most suitable neural network is performed, searching between multi-layer perceptron, CNN and recurrent networks topologies. In general, the best network was a CNN trained for TPI-WFS reconstruction, achieving better performance than the reconstruction software from TPI-WFS in most of the turbulent profiles, but the most significant improvements were found for higher turbulent profiles that have the lowest r0 values. (shrink)

The present commentary addresses the main results obtained in the Butler and Klein [Butler, B. C., & Klein, R. . Inattentional blindness for ignored words: Comparison of explicit and implicit memory tasks. Consciousness and Cognition, 18, 811–819.] study and discusses them in relation to the Perceptual Load Theory of Lavie [Lavie, N. . Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 451–68.]. The authors claim that the use of implicit indexes (...) of conceptual distractor processing in high-load situations would be an important addition to the load literature, which would benefit the research field regardless of their positive or negative findings. (shrink)

In recent decades, the expansion of economic activity has been accompanied by negative environmental impacts. In response, there have been dramatic changes worldwide in terms of an increased demand for environmentally friendly products and services. To achieve these eco-innovations, firms have sought to acquire knowledge and implement operational flexibility by cooperating with different agents such as universities through a value cocreation system that is also expected to enhance firms’ performance. Using a sample of 250 companies, the present paper examines the (...) role of cooperation with universities in the development of diverse environmental innovations and building operational flexibility and, through this, improving firm performance. Results show that firms that value cooperation with universities develop a wider range of environmental innovations and increase their sales and benefits. (shrink)